NATO has failed to deliver on its 2023 Vilnius summit pledge to maintain a rotational deployment of air defence systems in the Baltic states, with only short-term temporary deployments occurring. The Netherlands deployed a Patriot system to Lithuania for 10 days in 2024, and Italy conducted a similar short-term deployment in 2025. The delay stems from a widespread shortage of air defence capabilities across Europe, exacerbated by the urgent need to supply Ukraine. Tomas Jermalavičius of the International Centre for Defence and Security estimates the alliance has only about 5% of the capabilities needed to protect the entire eastern flank.