Boston biotech firm R3 BIO is developing "bodyoids," functional organ systems like lungs, kidneys, and hearts grown from genetically engineered monkey cells, which lack brains and consciousness. These sophisticated cell cultivation platforms are designed to revolutionize drug testing by providing a more accurate alternative to animal models, which often fail to predict human reactions. CEO Alice Gilman advocates for these "human biology platforms" to replace the $20 billion animal testing industry, envisioning them as national infrastructure for medical research. While R3 BIO focuses on research applications, investors like Tim Draper and Immortal Dragons see potential for growing personalized replacement organs, aiming to end organ shortages, though human applications remain theoretical and years away from regulatory approval.