Amélie de Montchalin assumed leadership of the Cour des comptes on Monday, February 23, 2026, marking a significant appointment for the 200-year-old institution responsible for overseeing public finances. Established by Napoleon in 1807, the Cour des comptes scrutinizes the regularity and efficiency of public funds, certifying the accounts of the State and Social Security to ensure financial transparency for citizens and Parliament. With 1,821 staff members, its four core missions include controlling, certifying, judging, and evaluating public spending. The institution itself is subject to parliamentary budgetary control and regular audits by international counterparts, reinforcing its legitimacy as a guardian of public money.