Europe's record-breaking summer temperatures, reaching 40°C (104°F) across Germany, the Czech Republic, and Poland, and spiking to 44°C (111.2°F) in France, have caused infrastructure collapse and an estimated 1,000 excess deaths in France alone. According to the World Weather Attribution (WWA), such intense heat is now tens to hundreds of times more likely than in 2003 and was unheard of 50 years ago. Europe has warmed at roughly twice the global average since the 1980s, driven by global warming from past emissions, which has shifted the baseline for extreme weather events.