Canada's federal government has announced it will not reinstate Section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act, which previously prohibited online hate speech, nor will it proceed with Bill C-36, a 2021 proposal to restore these protections. This decision leaves a significant gap in legal recourse for individuals targeted by online abuse, despite a 2019 parliamentary report acknowledging the need for civil remedies for such complaints. The government suggests a proposed ban on social media for minors will suffice, but experts argue this is insufficient to protect vulnerable Canadians from measurable harm, including psychological distress and radicalization, as evidenced by research showing 31% of Canadians experience online anti-social behaviour, disproportionately affecting protected groups.