In Samburu County, Kenya, community health volunteer Eroi Lemarkat rides a motorbike for hours along dirt tracks to investigate reports of children who have suddenly lost limb function, a potential sign of polio. While wild poliovirus has been eliminated in Africa and Kenya has not recorded a case since 2013, a vaccine-derived strain can circulate in under-immunized communities, particularly among remote nomadic populations. Kenya employs two surveillance systems: wastewater testing in urban areas with sewer networks, and community-based investigations in sparsely populated northern regions like Turkana and Samburu.