Recent archaeological research published in PNAS regarding the Üçağızlı II cave in southern Turkey suggests that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens shared cultural traditions. Systematic excavations led by Professor İsmail Baykara revealed that Neanderthals inhabited the cave between 77,000 and 59,000 years ago, while Homo sapiens occupied the site from 59,000 to 47,000 years ago. Evidence shows both species utilized similar Mousterian flint tools and hunted identical prey, including wild goats, deer, and boars. Notably, both groups collected the *Columbella rustica* mollusk shell, which researchers believe served as ornamental "manuports." This discovery challenges the notion that modern humans simply replaced Neanderthals with superior technology. Instead, the findings suggest that local traditions and environmental factors may have fostered shared behaviors between the two species during a critical period of human migration and interaction in the Levant region.