Judge Denise Casper of the U.S. District Court in Massachusetts sided with several Democratic-led states in ruling that President Trump’s executive order requiring documentary proof of citizenship for voter registration exceeded his constitutional authority. The order, signed in March 2025, would have mandated state and local officials to collect citizenship documentation on the national voter registration form. Casper, an Obama appointee, noted that Article I of the Constitution explicitly gives states and Congress—not the president—power over election procedures. She also cited the 1993 National Voter Registration Act, which established existing procedures that already require applicants to attest to citizenship under penalty of perjury.