The Middle East is experiencing an escalating conflict following joint US-Israeli attacks on Iran on Saturday, which resulted in the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei. Iran retaliated with strikes against US-allied Gulf states, including Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, and also engaged in exchanges with Hezbollah. US service members have been killed in Kuwait, and the conflict has disrupted critical shipping routes like the Strait of Hormuz, a vital chokepoint for global oil supply, leading to a surge in oil prices. Internet access across Iran has been severely disrupted, with connectivity dropping to approximately 1%, and significant portions of Middle Eastern airspace remain closed.