At least 28 U.S. states have enacted bans preventing transgender students from participating in sports according to their gender identity, with regulations extending from Alaska to Texas. These laws, often passed in Republican-leaning states, cite "biological sex" and perceived inherent differences between sexes as justifications for limiting participation in school sports. Idaho's "Fairness in Women’s Sports Act," enacted in 2020, is the oldest such ban. The U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C., heard oral arguments on January 13 regarding challenges to bans in Idaho and West Virginia, with justices appearing skeptical of the arguments presented by transgender students.